Contents

What Are Estrogens?

Estrogen Target Tissues

Estrogen Receptors

Estrogen Receptors Trigger Gene Activation

Estrogen-Induced Changes in Cell Behavior

Estrogen-Induced Stimulation of Cell Proliferation

Estrogen and Cancer

Estrogen and Breast Cancer

Cancer Arises from DNA Mutations in Cells

Estrogen-Induced Proliferation of Existing Mutant Cells

Estrogen-Induced Proliferation and Spontaneous New Mutations

Estrogen and Uterine Cancer

 

 

Antiestrogens

SERMs

Tamoxifen and Cancer

Tamoxifen and Breast Cancer Treatment

Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer

Tamoxifen and Breast Cancer Prevention

Tamoxifen as a Cause of Uterine Cancer

The Need for Better SERMs

Hormone Replacement During Menopause

Search for the Perfect SERM

Raloxifene and the Prevention of Osteoporosis

Raloxifene and the Possible Prevention of Cancer