Contents

What is Metastasis?

Metastasis Requires Angiogenesis

What Is Tumor Angiogenesis?

Normal Angiogenesis in Children

Normal Angiogenesis in Adults

Angiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Cells

Angiogenesis and Regulatory Proteins

Angiogenesis and Cancer

Without Angiogenesis, Tumor Growth Stops

With Angiogenesis, Tumor Growth Proceeds

What Prompts Angiogenesis?

Activators of Angiogenesis

The Angiogenesis Signaling Cascade

Endothelial Cell Activation

Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Primary Tumors

Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Metastasis

Angiogenesis and Tumor Dormancy

Cancer in Angiogenesis-Deficient Mice

Angiogenesis Inhibitors in the Treatment of Human Cancer

Drugs That Inhibit Angiogenesis Directly

Old Drug With a New Use

Drugs That Block the Angiogenesis Signaling Cascade

Drugs That Block Extracellular Matrix Breakdown

Drugs with Other Mechanisms of Action

On to Clinical Trials